At 114m high, the building known as the Ard, will be the second tallest building in the city behind The Glasgow Tower at the science centre.
Designed by Hawkins Brown, the Ard scheme will consist of two buildings of 36-storeys and 10-storeys, providing over 780 student bedrooms.
Ongoing demolition works at Portcullis House will make way for the project with a large element of the existing structural frame retained.
A spokesman for Watkin Jones said: “We are delighted that our planning application for The Ard has been granted, subject to conditions.
“This mixed-use development, comprising high-quality student homes, will address a well-recognised chronic undersupply of student accommodation in the city, also freeing up homes more appropriate for families.
“In addition to student accommodation, a new multi-space facility for the charity, Glasgow Social Enterprise Network (GSEN) and flexible commercial space will be provided, as well as increased public realm.
“Regenerating a current brownfield site, the development will be designed to the highest environmental standards, boasting the latest low and zero carbon technologies.
“Redevelopment of the site will form a significant part of an overall renewal of the west end of the city centre, acting as a catalyst for change and enhancing the vitality of this part of the city.”